A Social Security Number (SSN) is one of the most important identifiers in the United States. It’s used for employment, taxes, credit, and access to government benefits. Whether you’re a U.S. citizen, permanent resident, or eligible foreign worker, you’ll need an SSN to live and work legally in the country.
This guide explains how to apply for an SSN, how to replace a lost or stolen card, and what documents are required in 2025.
1. What Is a Social Security Number (SSN)?
A Social Security Number is a nine-digit number issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA). It’s primarily used to track your earnings and determine your eligibility for benefits like retirement or disability.
However, the SSN is also required for:
- Filing taxes with the IRS
- Getting a job or completing payroll documents
- Opening bank accounts
- Applying for credit cards or loans
- Accessing government services
Essentially, your SSN acts as your national ID number in the United States.
2. Who Needs an SSN?
You need an SSN if you fall into one of the following categories:
- U.S. citizens born or naturalized in the country
- Permanent residents (Green Card holders)
- Noncitizens authorized to work in the U.S. (with a work visa or Employment Authorization Document)
- International students (F-1 or J-1 visa holders) who have permission to work on or off campus
If you don’t plan to work but need an SSN for tax or financial reasons, you may qualify for an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead.
3. How to Apply for a Social Security Number (SSN)
The process depends on whether you’re applying for the first time or replacing an existing card.
Step 1: Complete the SS-5 Form
You’ll need to fill out Form SS-5 (Application for a Social Security Card).
You can:
- Download it from the SSA website, or
- Pick it up in person at your local Social Security office
Step 2: Gather Required Documents
You must present original documents (not photocopies or notarized copies). These include:
For U.S. Citizens:
- Birth certificate or U.S. passport
For Noncitizens:
- Passport
- Current immigration documents (e.g., I-94, I-766, or DS-2019)
- Proof of work authorization (if applicable)
For All Applicants:
- Proof of age (birth certificate or passport)
- Proof of identity (government-issued photo ID)
Step 3: Submit Your Application
You can submit your application in person at a Social Security office or by mail in some cases (if replacing a card).
Once approved, your Social Security card will be mailed to your address within 2–4 weeks.
4. How to Replace a Lost or Stolen SSN Card
If your card is lost, damaged, or stolen, don’t panic — you can request a replacement easily.
Option 1: Replace Online (My Social Security Account)
If you meet the following conditions, you can replace your card online through the SSA portal:
- You are a U.S. citizen over 18
- Have a U.S. mailing address
- Have a driver’s license or state-issued ID
- Are not requesting a name or change update
Simply visit ssa.gov/myaccount and follow the prompts.
Option 2: Replace in Person
If you don’t qualify for online replacement, visit your nearest Social Security office with:
- Form SS-5
- Proof of identity (passport, ID, or driver’s license)
You are limited to three replacement cards per year and ten in a lifetime, with a few exceptions for legal name changes or immigration status updates.
5. Updating Your SSN Information
If your legal name changes due to marriage, divorce, or court order, you must update your SSN record to avoid issues with taxes and employment.
To do this, submit:
- Form SS-5
- Legal document proving the name change (marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court order)
- Proof of identity
The SSA will mail you an updated card showing your new name but with the same SSN.
6. SSN Application for New Immigrants
If you’re immigrating to the U.S., you can often apply for an SSN as part of your immigration process.
- Green Card applicants: Can request an SSN when applying for permanent residence through USCIS.
- Work visa holders: Can apply for an SSN about 10 days after arriving in the U.S. to allow your immigration data to be verified by the SSA.
In both cases, your card will arrive 2–3 weeks after approval.
7. How to Protect Your SSN
Your SSN is highly sensitive information — if it falls into the wrong hands, it can be used for identity theft or fraud.
Here’s how to keep it safe:
- Don’t carry your SSN card in your wallet.
- Never share your SSN by phone or email unless absolutely necessary.
- Shred any documents containing your SSN before discarding them.
- Check your credit reports regularly for suspicious activity.
- Use identity protection services if you suspect a breach.
If your SSN is stolen, contact the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and place a fraud alert on your credit file immediately.
8. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: How much does it cost to get an SSN?
A: Applying for or replacing an SSN card is completely free.
Q: Can I get an SSN without a work permit?
A: Only certain visa holders (like dependents) can apply without work authorization, but most need valid work permission.
Q: How long does it take to receive my SSN card?
A: Usually between 2–4 weeks, depending on processing times and document verification.
Q: Can I use a photocopy of my passport or ID?
A: No. The SSA only accepts original or certified copies from the issuing agency.
9. Final Thoughts
Your Social Security Number USA is essential for almost every legal and financial process in the country. Whether you’re applying for the first time, updating your information, or replacing a lost card, it’s important to follow the official SSA process and provide accurate documentation.
By keeping your SSN secure and updated, you’ll protect your identity and ensure smooth access to jobs, taxes, and government benefits in 2025 and beyond.